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In The Rise of Autonomous Smart Cities<\/em>, Zaheer Allam underscores the transformation of urban concepts: \u201cmoving from the initial concept of Global city, to Sustainable City, the Resilient City, to the Creative City and to, most recently, Smart Cities.\u201d<\/p>\n
The author mentions the city of Santander, Spain, where 20,000 sensors have been distributed<\/a> since 2009.<\/p>\n
Smart cities in a nutshell and three use cases<\/strong><\/p>\n
The Dubai Blockchain Strategy\u00a0was announced in 2016 by the capital of the United Arab Emirates in partnership with the Smart Dubai Office and the Dubai Future Foundation. By early 2020, the initiative resulted in over 24 applications across 8 industries, establishing Dubai as a world leader in blockchain technology. One significant initiative is to allow<\/a> residents to use blockchain to pay for some government services.<\/p>\n
In 2018, Blockchains, LLC purchased about 67,000 acres of industrial park land outside Reno, Nevada. Management intends to develop a new type of smart city<\/a> (and society) based on blockchain technology and micro-transactions between people and machines. The project includes plans for a highly secure, high-tech \u201cBlockchains Campus,\u201d which will attempt to combine blockchain technology with AI, 3D printing, and nanotechnology. Residential units could potentially offer an alternative living environment for thousands of enthusiasts.<\/p>\n
The authors of a United for Smart Sustainable Cities report<\/a> have evaluated 13 blockchain use cases for cities based on 22 characteristics and their fit with 17 \u201cSustainable Development Goals\u201d of the United Nations. Researchers relied on what they call the \u201c4S framework\u201d \u2013 which comprises situation, sustainability, smartness and suitability \u2013 to analyze the necessity and fit of blockchain technology tested in The Hague, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Moscow, Republic of Georgia, South Holland, and Northeast Italy.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/dailyhodl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/framework-of-blockchain-cities.png?resize=810%2C397&ssl=1\")
Source: U4SSC report on Blockchain for Smart Sustainable Cities<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\nCyber-physical systems as the base of the digital economy<\/strong><\/p>\n
To combine the aforementioned cases into a single ecosystem and operate it automatically, a cyber-physical system (CPS) is required. A CPS consists of computational and physical elements, receives data from the environment via thousands of sensors, and further optimizes processes. A CPS can be used to measure, control, and integrate the physical activities of a smart city within three domains: energy, mobility, and communications.<\/p>\n
Energy<\/strong><\/p>\n
Notably, devices play a crucial role in making urban areas \u201csmarter\u201d by collecting data, notifying stakeholders about any significant changes, and even interacting with other devices. It starts with energy-consumption detectors like Ecoisme<\/a>. While Ecoisme was ahead of its time and didn\u2019t manage to find the market fit, other projects emerged.<\/p>\n
Energy Web Foundation (EWF)<\/a> was the next logical step to unite blockchain partners, grid operators, renewable energy developers, and corporate energy buyers. Ana Trbovich<\/a>, council member of the EWF, says that they intended to design a market standard to reduce costs, ensure interoperability, and facilitate further deployment of technology.<\/p>\n
Back in 2015, when the first Ethereum nodes launched, various teams started to apply this technology to robotics and IoT (Internet of things). Before the infamous DAO incident, developers of Slock.it<\/a> described how users could interact with each other without meeting or trusting another person. The Robonomics team, too, was experimenting with smart contracts and presented a project<\/a> for managing drones using the Ethereum network.<\/p>\n
In 2018, nonprofit alliance MOBI<\/a> united a great number of the world\u2019s largest automakers as well as startups, governments, NGOs, and smart city leaders to work on standards for mobility in autonomous cities. MOBI\u2019s mission is to make transportation more efficient, safer, environmentally friendly, and less crowded. Among its notable members are Consensys, IBM, Enterprise Ethereum Alliance, and R3.<\/p>\n
Communications<\/strong><\/p>\n
From the telegraph to Starlink, humans strive to improve communications. Cities of the future<\/a> could also add a layer of continuous machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, thanks to 5G connectivity. Blockchain y<\/span>et again is a relevant medium for storing and exchanging data, for it is an append-only immutable ledger. INATBA<\/a> is another alliance that can help the European Union achieve its \u201cDigital Europe\u201d ambitions and shape the future of cryptoassets globally.<\/p>\n
In August 2018, Airalab, with the help of Smart Distribution (Libelium\u2019s Russian distributor), deployed<\/a> an air quality metering network at 10 locations in a residential neighborhood of Tolyatti, Russia. Utilizing the information gathered, Airalab was able to create the city\u2019s first-ever air quality evaluation using the example of a single playground. The entirety of the data was sent through the 4G network and marked the beginning of the civil sensor network.<\/p>\n
Enter Polkadot<\/strong><\/p>\n
The Berlin-based startup MXC has launched <\/a>\u00a0the Polkadot parachain, which aims to connect MXC with smart contracts to enable data transfers in smart-city infrastructure. By integrating millions of sensors, this smart grid can be managed more efficiently. The technology had already been announced for use in smart cities across South Korea.<\/p>\n
To be continued<\/strong><\/p>\n
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<\/center><\/p>\nDisclaimer: Opinions expressed at The Daily Hodl are not investment advice. Investors should do their due diligence before making any high-risk investments in Bitcoin, cryptocurrency or digital assets. Please be advised that your transfers and trades are at your own risk, and any loses you may incur are your responsibility. The Daily Hodl does not recommend the buying or selling of any cryptocurrencies or digital assets, nor is The Daily Hodl an investment advisor. Please note that The Daily Hodl participates in affiliate marketing.<\/h6>\n<\/div>\n
Featured Image: Shutterstock\/tostphoto<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Cyber-physical systems as the base of the digital economy<\/strong><\/p>\n
To combine the aforementioned cases into a single ecosystem and operate it automatically, a cyber-physical system (CPS) is required. A CPS consists of computational and physical elements, receives data from the environment via thousands of sensors, and further optimizes processes. A CPS can be used to measure, control, and integrate the physical activities of a smart city within three domains: energy, mobility, and communications.<\/p>\n
Energy<\/strong><\/p>\n
Notably, devices play a crucial role in making urban areas \u201csmarter\u201d by collecting data, notifying stakeholders about any significant changes, and even interacting with other devices. It starts with energy-consumption detectors like Ecoisme<\/a>. While Ecoisme was ahead of its time and didn\u2019t manage to find the market fit, other projects emerged.<\/p>\n
Energy Web Foundation (EWF)<\/a> was the next logical step to unite blockchain partners, grid operators, renewable energy developers, and corporate energy buyers. Ana Trbovich<\/a>, council member of the EWF, says that they intended to design a market standard to reduce costs, ensure interoperability, and facilitate further deployment of technology.<\/p>\n
Back in 2015, when the first Ethereum nodes launched, various teams started to apply this technology to robotics and IoT (Internet of things). Before the infamous DAO incident, developers of Slock.it<\/a> described how users could interact with each other without meeting or trusting another person. The Robonomics team, too, was experimenting with smart contracts and presented a project<\/a> for managing drones using the Ethereum network.<\/p>\n
In 2018, nonprofit alliance MOBI<\/a> united a great number of the world\u2019s largest automakers as well as startups, governments, NGOs, and smart city leaders to work on standards for mobility in autonomous cities. MOBI\u2019s mission is to make transportation more efficient, safer, environmentally friendly, and less crowded. Among its notable members are Consensys, IBM, Enterprise Ethereum Alliance, and R3.<\/p>\n
Communications<\/strong><\/p>\n
From the telegraph to Starlink, humans strive to improve communications. Cities of the future<\/a> could also add a layer of continuous machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, thanks to 5G connectivity. Blockchain y<\/span>et again is a relevant medium for storing and exchanging data, for it is an append-only immutable ledger. INATBA<\/a> is another alliance that can help the European Union achieve its \u201cDigital Europe\u201d ambitions and shape the future of cryptoassets globally.<\/p>\n
In August 2018, Airalab, with the help of Smart Distribution (Libelium\u2019s Russian distributor), deployed<\/a> an air quality metering network at 10 locations in a residential neighborhood of Tolyatti, Russia. Utilizing the information gathered, Airalab was able to create the city\u2019s first-ever air quality evaluation using the example of a single playground. The entirety of the data was sent through the 4G network and marked the beginning of the civil sensor network.<\/p>\n
Enter Polkadot<\/strong><\/p>\n
The Berlin-based startup MXC has launched <\/a>\u00a0the Polkadot parachain, which aims to connect MXC with smart contracts to enable data transfers in smart-city infrastructure. By integrating millions of sensors, this smart grid can be managed more efficiently. The technology had already been announced for use in smart cities across South Korea.<\/p>\n
To be continued<\/strong><\/p>\n
Follow Us on Twitter<\/a> Facebook<\/a> Telegram<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/center><\/p>\nDisclaimer: Opinions expressed at The Daily Hodl are not investment advice. Investors should do their due diligence before making any high-risk investments in Bitcoin, cryptocurrency or digital assets. Please be advised that your transfers and trades are at your own risk, and any loses you may incur are your responsibility. The Daily Hodl does not recommend the buying or selling of any cryptocurrencies or digital assets, nor is The Daily Hodl an investment advisor. Please note that The Daily Hodl participates in affiliate marketing.<\/h6>\n<\/div>\n
Featured Image: Shutterstock\/tostphoto<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n